Local Law 97
Local Law 97 is the NYC climate law that caps greenhouse gas emissions from buildings over 25,000 square feet, with fines of $268 per metric ton of CO₂-equivalent over the limit. The first compliance period runs 2024–2029, with progressively stricter limits in 2030 and 2035.
Frequently asked questions
Are co-ops and condos covered?
Yes, if the building is over 25,000 square feet. Affordable housing (HDFC co-ops, buildings with significant rent-regulated units) gets an alternative compliance pathway under Article 321, but standard market-rate co-ops and condos have no exemption.
How is our emissions limit calculated?
DOB assigns a coefficient (kg CO₂e per square foot per year) based on the occupancy group from the building's Certificate of Occupancy, then multiplies by gross floor area. Mixed-use buildings get a blended limit. Actual emissions are calculated from utility bills using EPA-published source-energy factors.
Can we buy our way out with renewable energy credits?
Partially. RECs from grid-connected Tier 1 renewables in NYC's load zone can offset electricity emissions only — not gas or steam. Boards relying on RECs as their LL97 strategy still need to address combustion-based emissions through actual building work.
What's a realistic timeline to plan?
Most buildings need an energy audit and decarbonization study in 2026–2027, capital planning and assessment vote in 2027–2028, and construction starting by 2028 to be compliant for the 2030 limits. Buildings that wait until 2029 will pay penalties for years while work catches up.